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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Drugs that Stabilize Microtubules01:15

Drugs that Stabilize Microtubules

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Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo cycles of catastrophe and rescue. The microtubules play a central role in cell division by forming the spindle apparatus for segregating the chromosomes. This makes them ideal targets for regulating dividing cells in tumors and malignant cancer cells. Microtubule stabilizing drugs help stabilize the microtubule formation and promote its polymerization. Paclitaxel was the first microtubule stabilizing agent used as anticancer drug in chemotherapy...
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Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

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Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
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Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

41
Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity
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Taxane-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity.

Roser Velasco1,2, Jordi Bruna3,4

  • 1Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-ICO Duran i Reynals, 08907 L´Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. rvelascof@bellvitgehospital.cat.

Toxics
|October 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Taxane chemotherapy drugs, like paclitaxel, can cause painful peripheral neuropathy. This review examines the incidence, causes, symptoms, and risk factors of taxane-induced neurotoxicity.

Keywords:
cabazitaxelchemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathydocetaxelnab-paclitaxelneurotoxicitypaclitaxelperipheral neuropathytaxanetaxane-induced peripheral neuropathy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Taxane chemotherapy agents, including paclitaxel and docetaxel, are crucial in cancer treatment.
  • Their antineoplastic effect stems from promoting microtubule assembly, inducing mitotic arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells.
  • Peripheral neurotoxicity is a significant non-hematological adverse effect, often presenting as painful neuropathy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of taxane-induced neuropathy.
  • To explore the incidence, pathophysiology, clinical features, and predisposing factors of this adverse effect.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on taxane-induced neuropathy.
  • Analysis of data on incidence, mechanisms, clinical presentation, and risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Taxane-induced neuropathy is a common and potentially irreversible side effect.
  • The exact incidence and predisposing factors are not fully elucidated.
  • Understanding the pathophysiology and clinical features is crucial for management.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to clarify the incidence and risk factors of taxane-induced neuropathy.
  • Improved understanding can aid in predicting and managing this debilitating side effect.
  • This review synthesizes current knowledge to guide future investigations and clinical practice.