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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

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Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
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On-Demand Spin-Orbit Interaction from Which-Layer Tunability in Bilayer Graphene.

Jun Yong Khoo1, Alberto F Morpurgo2, Leonid Levitov1

  • 1Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

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|October 24, 2017
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Summary

Researchers developed a new method for highly tunable spin-orbit interaction (SOI) in graphene multilayers. This breakthrough enables precise control over spin phenomena, paving the way for advanced spintronic devices.

Keywords:
Bilayer graphenegate-tunabilityintrinsic valley-Hall conductivityspin−orbit interactiontopological phase transitions

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Gate-tunable spin-orbit interaction (SOI) is crucial for novel spin phenomena but has been difficult to achieve in solids due to weak coupling and lack of tunability.
  • Existing methods struggle to provide the broad range of SOI tunability required for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a general strategy for achieving exceptionally high tunability of SOI in graphene multilayers.
  • To demonstrate complete ON/OFF switching of SOI in a specific experimental setup.

Main Methods:

  • Creating layer-dependent spin-orbit field inhomogeneity in graphene multilayers.
  • Applying an external transverse electric field to shift carriers between layers with differing SOI strengths.
  • Analyzing bilayer graphene on a transition metal dichalchogenide substrate.

Main Results:

  • Achieved exceptionally high tunability of SOI through minute carrier displacement due to subnanometer layer separation.
  • Demonstrated complete tunability of SOI, enabling ON/OFF switching.
  • Exemplified new opportunities for spin control, including electrically driven spin resonance and topological phases.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed strategy offers a viable route to highly tunable SOI in graphene systems.
  • This work opens new avenues for controlling spin properties and exploring novel quantum phenomena in solid-state devices.