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Wireless navigation of pigeons using polymer-based fully implantable stimulator: A pilot study using depth

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    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |October 25, 2017
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    Summary

    Researchers developed polymer-based depth electrodes for wirelessly navigating pigeons. In vivo stimulation of the formatio reticularis medialis mesencephalic (FRM) successfully induced turning and circling behaviors, proving electrode feasibility.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Conceptually proposed polymer-based implantable stimulators for wireless navigation.
    • Need for functional pilot studies to validate novel electrode designs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Design and fabricate eight-channel depth electrodes using liquid crystal polymer (LCP).
    • Evaluate the in vitro and in vivo feasibility of LCP electrodes for neural stimulation.
    • Demonstrate wireless navigation control in pigeons via electrical stimulation of the FRM.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of LCP-based eight-channel depth electrodes.
    • Electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) analysis for electrode characterization (average impedance: 16.8∠15.8 kΩ).
    • In vivo implantation into the pigeon's formatio reticularis medialis mesencephalic (FRM).
    • Electrical stimulation using biphasic current pulses (0.567 μA amplitude, 58.0 Hz rate, 1.00 ms duration).

    Main Results:

    • Successful fabrication and characterization of LCP depth electrodes.
    • Consistent induction of turning and circling behaviors in pigeons upon FRM stimulation.
    • Demonstrated feasibility of the polymer-based electrodes in both in vitro and in vivo settings.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed LCP depth electrodes are feasible for in vivo neural stimulation.
    • Electrical stimulation of the FRM can effectively control pigeon behavior, enabling navigation.
    • This pilot study supports the development of fully implantable wireless stimulators for animal navigation.