Epitranscriptomic influences on development and disease

RNA contains over 150 types of chemical modifications. Although many of these chemical modifications were discovered several decades ago, their functions were not immediately apparent. Discoveries of RNA demethylases, along with advances in mass spectrometry and high-throughput sequencing techniques, have caused research into RNA modifications to progress at an accelerated rate. Post-transcriptional RNA modifications make up an epitranscriptome that extensively regulates gene expression and biological processes. Here, we present an overview of recent advances in the field that are shaping our understanding of chemical modifications, their impact on development and disease, and the dynamic mechanisms through which they regulate gene expression.