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Related Concept Videos

Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

46.5K
Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Presynapse Formation Assay Using Presynapse Organizer Beads and “Neuron Ball” Culture
10:17

Presynapse Formation Assay Using Presynapse Organizer Beads and “Neuron Ball” Culture

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Neuronal LRP4 regulates synapse formation in the developing CNS.

Andromachi Karakatsani1,2,3, Nicolás Marichal4,5, Severino Urban2,3

  • 1Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Grosshaderner Str. 9, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|October 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4) is crucial for neuronal development. This study reveals LRP4

Keywords:
AgrinBassoonCentral nervous system developmentDendritogenesisIn utero electroporationLRP4MousePSD95Synapse formationTranssynaptic tracing

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4) is known for its role in neuromuscular junction formation.
  • Its function in the central nervous system (CNS) remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of LRP4 in the development of embryonic cortical and hippocampal neurons.
  • To elucidate the function of LRP4 in dendritic development and synaptogenesis within the CNS.

Main Methods:

  • Downregulation and overexpression of LRP4 in cultured neurons.
  • Transsynaptic tracing using rabies virus.
  • In vivo knockdown of LRP4 via in utero electroporation.

Main Results:

  • LRP4 downregulation reduced synapse density and primary dendrite number in neurons.
  • LRP4 overexpression increased primary dendrites and spine density.
  • In vivo knockdown led to fewer primary dendrites and lower spine density in developing cortex and hippocampus.

Conclusions:

  • Neuronal LRP4 plays a critical role in dendritic development.
  • LRP4 is essential for synaptogenesis in the central nervous system.