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Updated: Feb 20, 2026

In Situ Lithiated Reference Electrode: Four Electrode Design for In-operando Impedance Spectroscopy
Published on: September 12, 2018
Lithium Ion Sensors
Megi Kamenica1, Raghuram Reddy Kothur2, Alison Willows3
1School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK. M.Kamenica1@uni.brighton.ac.uk.
Abstract:
The detection and monitoring of lithium in environmental and clinical settings is becoming increasingly important. In this review, sensors incorporating conductive polymers and lithium bronzes are discussed, together with electrochemical and spectroscopic approaches. Ionophore-based methods have been employed extensively, with varying degrees of selectivity and sensitivity, and these are discussed in depth.

