Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

1.5K
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
1.5K
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

1.0K
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
1.0K
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

1.4K
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
1.4K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

9.5K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
9.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical, structural, and functional MRI features predicting PIRMA at 5-year follow-up in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same author

Neurophysiological, imaging and neurobiological markers of central fatigue in multiple sclerosis.

Brain communications·2026
Same author

Bridging the Gap: Baló Concentric Sclerosis-Like Leukoencephalopathy in Chronic Cocaine Use: A 1-Year Clinical and Imaging Follow-Up of 2 Cases.

Neurology·2026
Same author

The impact of estrogen status on the gut microbiome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
Same author

Novel MRI metrics: Is targeting brain atrophy a practical treatment goal? Yes.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same author

Linking movement-related beta oscillations to cortical excitability, structural damage, and fatigue in multiple sclerosis.

Brain communications·2026
Same journal

Injury Severity Influences Long-Term Cognitive Control in Pediatric "Mild" Traumatic Brain Injury.

Human brain mapping·2026
Same journal

Early Adulthood Signatures of Motherhood in Brain Aging.

Human brain mapping·2026
Same journal

Neural Markers of Interocular Grouping During Binocular Rivalry With MEG.

Human brain mapping·2026
Same journal

Neural Correlates of Explicit Outcome Expectation Effects: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis.

Human brain mapping·2026
Same journal

Benchmarking fMRI Denoising Pipelines.

Human brain mapping·2026
Same journal

Modeled Long-Term Effects of Psilocybin on Dynamic Activity and Effective Connectivity of Fronto-Striatal-Thalamic Circuits.

Human brain mapping·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

13.7K

Diffuse brain damage in normal tension glaucoma.

Antonio Giorgio1, Jian Zhang1, Francesco Costantino1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy.

Human Brain Mapping
|October 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain changes in glaucoma patients, even without high eye pressure, suggest neurodegeneration extends beyond the visual system. This indicates glaucoma is a spreading neurological condition.

Keywords:
Alzheimer diseaseMRIconnectivityglaucomaneurodegenerationresting state networks

More Related Videos

Translaminar Autonomous System Model for the Modulation of Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure in Human Donor Posterior Segments
08:55

Translaminar Autonomous System Model for the Modulation of Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure in Human Donor Posterior Segments

Published on: April 24, 2020

3.5K
Experimental Glaucoma Induced by Ocular Injection of Magnetic Microspheres
06:35

Experimental Glaucoma Induced by Ocular Injection of Magnetic Microspheres

Published on: February 2, 2015

17.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

13.7K
Translaminar Autonomous System Model for the Modulation of Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure in Human Donor Posterior Segments
08:55

Translaminar Autonomous System Model for the Modulation of Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure in Human Donor Posterior Segments

Published on: April 24, 2020

3.5K
Experimental Glaucoma Induced by Ocular Injection of Magnetic Microspheres
06:35

Experimental Glaucoma Induced by Ocular Injection of Magnetic Microspheres

Published on: February 2, 2015

17.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) involves brain changes, often attributed to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).
  • Normal tension glaucoma (NTG), a POAG subtype with normal IOP, serves as a model to investigate IOP-independent neurodegeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare brain structural and functional abnormalities in normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients versus primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients with raised IOP and normal controls (NC).
  • To determine if brain changes in glaucoma are independent of elevated IOP.

Main Methods:

  • Acquired multimodal brain MRI data from 17 NTG patients, 17 POAG patients, and 29 NC.
  • Utilized voxelwise statistics with nonparametric permutation testing.
  • Analyzed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for anatomical connectivity (AC) and functional connectivity (FC) using MRI.

Main Results:

  • Both NTG and POAG patients exhibited greater gray matter atrophy in visual and nonvisual brain regions compared to NC.
  • Altered anatomical connectivity (AC) was observed in both NTG and POAG groups.
  • POAG patients showed more visual cortex atrophy and higher axial diffusivity in nonvisual regions compared to NTG patients.
  • Functional connectivity (FC) alterations were found at short-range in NTG (visual network, ventral attention network) and long-range in POAG (between visual and limbic networks).

Conclusions:

  • Glaucoma is associated with widespread structural and functional brain abnormalities.
  • These brain changes may be partly independent of elevated IOP and retinal degeneration.
  • Glaucoma represents a condition characterized by spreading neurodegeneration within the brain.