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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
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Stemless Prosthesis for Total Shoulder Arthroplasty.

Mark D Lazarus1, Ryan M Cox, Anand M Murthi

  • 1From Rothman Institute Orthopaedics, Philadelphia, PA (Dr. Lazarus, Mr. Cox, and Dr. Abboud), the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD (Dr. Murthi), and the Reading Shoulder Surgery Unit, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK (Dr. Levy).

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
|October 25, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The fourth generation of humeral components in shoulder arthroplasty aims to improve anatomy restoration and bone preservation. Long-term studies are needed to confirm if these newer designs outperform older ones in anatomic shoulder replacement.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Implant design

Background:

  • The fourth generation of humeral components is now utilized in anatomic shoulder arthroplasty.
  • Implant designs have evolved to enhance anatomical restoration, fixation, bone preservation, and revision surgery facilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of humeral components in anatomic shoulder arthroplasty.
  • To highlight design changes focusing on humeral stems and their potential benefits.
  • To emphasize the need for long-term data comparing newer and older component designs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on humeral component design in shoulder arthroplasty.
  • Analysis of design trends, particularly the shift towards shorter, metaphyseal humeral stems.
  • Identification of areas requiring further long-term clinical investigation.

Main Results:

  • Significant design evolution in humeral components for anatomic shoulder arthroplasty.
  • A trend towards shorter, metaphyseal humeral stems is observed.
  • The long-term efficacy of these newer designs compared to predecessors remains under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Current humeral component designs aim to optimize shoulder arthroplasty outcomes.
  • Further long-term studies are crucial to validate the superiority of fourth-generation components.
  • Evidence-based conclusions on the long-term performance of newer designs are pending.