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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

792
Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
792
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

481
Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
481
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

827
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
827
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

458
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
458
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

598
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
598
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

342
AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
342

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
06:09

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Risk Factors for Uroseptic Shock in Patients with Urolithiasis-Related Acute Pyelonephritis.

Hiroaki Kakinoki, Shohei Tobu, Yuka Kakinoki

    Urologia Internationalis
    |October 25, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Low serum albumin and high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are key risk factors for uroseptic shock in patients with calculous acute pyelonephritis (APN). Prompt urinary drainage is crucial for those with low albumin.

    Keywords:
    Acute pyelonephritisRisk factorsUrolithiasisUrosepsis

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    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Urology
    • Critical Care Medicine

    Background:

    • Calculous acute pyelonephritis (APN) is a severe kidney infection often associated with kidney stones.
    • Uroseptic shock, a life-threatening complication of APN, requires urgent management.
    • Identifying risk factors for uroseptic shock is crucial for timely intervention.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify risk factors associated with uroseptic shock in patients diagnosed with calculous APN.
    • To analyze the clinical and laboratory parameters correlating with the development of uroseptic shock.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of electronic medical records for 69 patients with APN and urolithiasis (January 2005-December 2012).
    • Analysis of patient demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory values, and treatment outcomes.
    • Multivariate analysis to determine significant risk factors for uroseptic shock.

    Main Results:

    • Urinary drainage (stent or nephrostomy) was performed in 62 patients.
    • 25 patients developed septic shock, characterized by significantly lower serum albumin and higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared to controls.
    • Multivariate analysis identified serum albumin level and CRP as significant risk factors for uroseptic shock.

    Conclusions:

    • Serum albumin level is a significant predictor of uroseptic shock in calculous APN.
    • Emergency urinary tract decompression is essential, particularly for patients with low serum albumin.
    • Early identification of high-risk patients can guide aggressive management strategies.