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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Generation of CAR T Cells for Adoptive Therapy in the Context of Glioblastoma Standard of Care
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Immunotherapy for Pediatric Brain Tumors.

Elias J Sayour1, Duane A Mitchell2

  • 1University of Florida Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lilian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, 1149 South Newell Drive, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. elias.sayour@neurosurgery.ufl.edu.

Brain Sciences
|October 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric brain tumor immunotherapy faces challenges with standard treatments. This review explores novel immunotherapies like checkpoint inhibitors and cell therapy to overcome these hurdles and improve outcomes.

Keywords:
immunotherapypediatric brain tumorsvaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric oncology
  • Neuro-oncology
  • Cancer immunotherapy

Background:

  • Malignant brain tumors are a leading cause of cancer death in children.
  • Effective treatments require therapies that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
  • Cancer immunotherapy holds promise for pediatric brain tumors by leveraging the immune system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging immunotherapies for pediatric brain tumors.
  • To discuss challenges posed by standard treatments (chemotherapy, radiation) to immunotherapy efficacy.
  • To highlight novel approaches in phase I/II trials for refractory pediatric brain tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on pediatric brain tumor immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of emerging therapeutic strategies including checkpoint inhibitors, vaccine immunotherapy, and adoptive cell therapy.
  • Focus on treatments investigated in phase I/II clinical trials for refractory pediatric brain tumors.

Main Results:

  • Standard treatments may interfere with the induction of effective immunotherapeutic responses.
  • Activated T cells can cross the blood-brain barrier, enabling immunotherapy.
  • Novel immunotherapies show potential for treating refractory pediatric brain tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted immunotherapies are crucial for improving outcomes in pediatric brain tumors.
  • Overcoming the BBB and mitigating the effects of standard therapies are key challenges.
  • Emerging immunotherapies represent a promising frontier for pediatric neuro-oncology.