Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

6.2K
Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
6.2K
Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

8.0K
The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
8.0K
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

8.2K
Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
8.2K
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

6.7K
Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
6.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Low serum selenium combined with SELENOP-autoantibodies are associated with persistent fatigue after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Redox biology·2026
Same author

Ascertainment of Cancer Cases in the German National Cohort (NAKO): Methods and Initial Results.

Deutsches Arzteblatt international·2026
Same author

Ethical perceptions of DRG-based hospital financing among physicians and hospital managers in Germany: a cross-sectional survey.

BMC medical ethics·2026
Same author

Salvage Radiotherapy Confers an Overall Survival Advantage in Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer: Evidence from the International PROMISE Registry.

Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine·2026
Same author

Reassessing the incidence of uveal melanoma in Germany: Insights from current cancer registry data.

Cancer epidemiology·2026
Same author

Self-rated health and mental health before and during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: the population-based German National Cohort (NAKO) study.

BMC public health·2026
Same journal

Accidental hypothermia.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same journal

Accidental hypothermia.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same journal

Primary aldosteronism.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same journal

Primary aldosteronism.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same journal

Buruli ulcer in Africa: between innovation and pragmatism.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same journal

Author Correction: Atopic dermatitis.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Detection
13:45

Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Detection

Published on: February 7, 2019

10.4K

Merkel cell carcinoma.

Jürgen C Becker1,2, Andreas Stang2,3,4, James A DeCaprio5,6

  • 1Departments of Translational Skin Cancer Research and Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Universitätsstrasse 1, 45141 Essen, Germany.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|October 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive skin cancer linked to Merkel cell polyomavirus or UV light. Diagnosis involves histology and markers, with treatments including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and emerging immune-checkpoint inhibitors.

More Related Videos

Patient Derived Cell Culture and Isolation of CD133+ Putative Cancer Stem Cells from Melanoma
12:16

Patient Derived Cell Culture and Isolation of CD133+ Putative Cancer Stem Cells from Melanoma

Published on: March 13, 2013

21.8K
Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition
09:37

Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition

Published on: August 18, 2022

3.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Detection
13:45

Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Detection

Published on: February 7, 2019

10.4K
Patient Derived Cell Culture and Isolation of CD133+ Putative Cancer Stem Cells from Melanoma
12:16

Patient Derived Cell Culture and Isolation of CD133+ Putative Cancer Stem Cells from Melanoma

Published on: March 13, 2013

21.8K
Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition
09:37

Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition

Published on: August 18, 2022

3.0K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer.
  • Its development is linked to Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) or chronic ultraviolet light (UV) exposure.
  • UV exposure may also play a role in viral-mediated MCC by causing immunosuppression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma.
  • To highlight the distinct and overlapping roles of viral and UV factors in MCC pathogenesis.
  • To review current and emerging therapeutic strategies for MCC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Merkel cell carcinoma.
  • Analysis of etiological factors, including viral (MCPyV) and environmental (UV) influences.
  • Examination of diagnostic criteria, including histopathology and immunohistochemistry.
  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes for surgical, radiotherapeutic, chemotherapeutic, and immunotherapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • MCC arises from viral oncogenesis (MCPyV) or UV-induced DNA damage, with geographical variations in predominance.
  • Clinical presentation typically involves a solitary nodule on sun-exposed skin, often with metastasis at diagnosis.
  • Histological examination and marker expression confirm diagnosis; loco-regional metastases are common.
  • While surgery and radiotherapy are primary treatments, chemotherapy and immune-checkpoint inhibitors are crucial for advanced or refractory cases.

Conclusions:

  • MCC pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving viral and UV-induced mechanisms.
  • Early diagnosis and multimodal treatment are essential for managing this aggressive cancer.
  • Immune-checkpoint inhibitors represent a significant advancement in treating advanced or refractory MCC.