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Infanticide in chimpanzees: Taphonomic case studies from Gombe.

Claire A Kirchhoff1,2, Michael L Wilson1,3, Deus C Mjungu4

  • 1Department of Anthropology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.

American Journal of Physical Anthropology
|October 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Skeletal analysis of chimpanzee infanticide victims suggests nutritional benefits alone may not explain this behavior. Damage patterns differ from prey, indicating other factors like resource competition may be involved.

Keywords:
bone modificationchimpanzeeexploitation hypothesisinfanticideresource competition hypothesisskeletal analysistaphonomy

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Area of Science:

  • Primate Behavior
  • Paleontology
  • Zooarchaeology

Background:

  • Infanticide in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) is a documented behavior.
  • The nutritional hypothesis suggests infanticide is driven by the benefits of consuming the victim's carcass.
  • Skeletal analysis can reveal patterns of consumption and damage, offering insights into the adaptive significance of infanticide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze skeletal damage in chimpanzee infanticide victims.
  • To compare skeletal damage and bone survivorship patterns with those of monkey prey.
  • To evaluate the nutritional hypothesis for chimpanzee infanticide.

Main Methods:

  • Taphonomic assessment of skeletal remains from four chimpanzee infants.
  • Description of bone breakage, surface modification, MNE (Minimum Number of Elements), %MNE, and bone survivorship.
  • Comparison of findings with published data on monkey prey and a review of infanticide cases.

Main Results:

  • Infanticides were intercommunity, committed by males against infants.
  • Partial consumption of victims was observed in some cases.
  • Skeletal damage included cranial fractures and crenulated breaks; chimpanzee infants had more vertebrae and hand/foot bones than monkey prey.

Conclusions:

  • Chimpanzees do not always completely consume infanticide victims, unlike their typical consumption of monkey prey.
  • Nutritional benefits from consuming infants may not be sufficient to explain infanticide in chimpanzees.
  • Further research, including skeletal analysis, is needed to understand the drivers of infanticide and hunting behaviors.