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Acute Pharyngitis

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...

Tonsillitis II: Management

Tonsillitis II: Management

This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Author Spotlight: Oral Candida Diagnosis to Advance Clinical Treatment Regimen for pSS Patients

Author Spotlight: Oral Candida Diagnosis to Advance Clinical Treatment Regimen for pSS Patients

Published on: March 1, 2024

Not just a simple sore throat.

Olivia Jones¹, Aram Salehi²

¹BSc MBBS Kingston Hospital, Galsworthy Road, Kingston upon Thames, KT2 7QB.

|October 27, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Persistent sore throat in a young adult can indicate Lemierre's syndrome. Prompt investigation of refractory sore throat is crucial for diagnosing this rare but serious condition.

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Published on: August 2, 2024

Area of Science:

Internal Medicine
Infectious Diseases
Otolaryngology

Background:

Sore throat is a frequent complaint, usually managed with symptomatic relief.
Persistent or severe sore throat warrants further investigation beyond typical causes.
Lemierre's syndrome, a rare complication of oropharyngeal infections, is often overlooked.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a case of Lemierre's syndrome.
To emphasize the diagnostic importance of persistent sore throat.
To raise awareness of this underdiagnosed condition.

Main Methods:

Case report of a 20-year-old female with persistent sore throat.
Clinical assessment including inflammatory markers.
Blood cultures and imaging to identify causative agents and complications.

Main Results:

Patient presented with persistent sore throat and elevated inflammatory markers.
Blood cultures revealed Fusobacterium necrophorum and Arcanobacterium haemolyticum bacteremia.
Internal jugular vein thrombosis was diagnosed, confirming Lemierre's syndrome.

Conclusions:

Lemierre's syndrome should be considered in cases of persistent sore throat, especially with systemic signs.
Early and thorough investigation is vital for timely diagnosis and management.
Recognizing this syndrome can prevent severe complications.