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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
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Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

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Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Microarray patches: potentially useful delivery systems for long-acting nanosuspensions.

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Dissolving microneedles offer a minimally invasive alternative to injections for long-acting drug delivery, improving patient compliance and safety. This approach enhances the delivery of nanoparticles (NPs) and addresses challenges in developing countries.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

  • Long-acting drug nanosuspensions are emerging for controlled release and HIV prevention.
  • Hypodermic injections for these formulations present challenges like needle phobia, needle-stick injuries, and disposal issues, particularly in developing nations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development considerations for dissolving microneedles (MNs) as a novel drug delivery system.
  • To explore the potential of MNs for delivering nanoparticles (NPs) and improving patient care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on microneedle technology and nanosuspension formulations.
  • Analysis of the capabilities of dissolving MNs for drug and nanoparticle delivery into the skin.

Main Results:

  • Dissolving microneedles can deliver high drug doses and nanoparticles into the skin.
  • Microneedles are minimally invasive and self-disabling, offering enhanced patient compliance and safety.

Conclusions:

  • Dissolving microneedles represent a promising combination drug delivery system for long-acting formulations.
  • This technology has the potential to significantly improve patient care by overcoming limitations of traditional injections.