Tuberculosis in Southern Brazilian wild boars (Sus scrofa): First epidemiological findings
A L G Maciel1, M R Loiko1, T S Bueno1
1Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
|October 28, 2017
Summary
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) was found in wild boars in Brazil, with over 30% testing positive for Mycobacterium bovis. This suggests wild boars may act as reservoirs, impacting cattle herd health and bTB control programs.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Zoonotic Diseases
- Wildlife Epidemiology
Background:
- Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease primarily caused by Mycobacterium bovis.
- bTB affects both domestic and wild animals, posing a significant public health and economic concern.
- Epidemiological data on bTB in Brazilian wild animal populations is scarce, hindering comprehensive disease control strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the occurrence of tuberculosis in wild boar populations in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- To assess the potential role of wild boars as reservoirs for Mycobacterium bovis.
- To inform the Brazilian tuberculosis control program regarding wildlife involvement.
Main Methods:
- Evaluation of 80 hunted wild boar tissue samples.
- Screening using histopathology and Mycobacterium bovis polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
- Bacterial isolation for gold standard diagnosis of positive samples.
Main Results:
- 27.9% of animals showed histopathological changes indicative of tuberculosis.
- 31.3% tested positive for Mycobacterium bovis genome presence via PCR.
- 23.8% yielded Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) isolates from at least one organ.
Conclusions:
- Tuberculosis is present in the wild boar population studied in southern Brazil.
- Wild boars may serve as reservoirs for Mycobacterium bovis, potentially influencing bTB transmission to cattle.
- Findings highlight the need to incorporate wildlife surveillance into Brazilian bTB control efforts.
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