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Updated: Feb 20, 2026
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Three-Dimensional Imaging of Aortic Tissues in Atherosclerosis
Published on: October 25, 2024
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Adventitial tertiary lymphoid organ classification in human atherosclerosis
Mohammadreza Akhavanpoor1, Christian A Gleissner1, Hamidreza Akhavanpoor1
1Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
Summary
Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are found in human coronary artery disease, correlating with plaque instability and rupture. These findings suggest TLOs may be a diagnostic target for modifying atherosclerosis progression.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Pathology
- Immunology
- Atherosclerosis Research
Background:
- Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory arterial disease.
- Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are known in mice but their presence in human atherosclerosis is unclear.
- Adventitial cellular accumulations in human arteries require investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if adventitial cellular compounds in human coronary arteries represent TLOs.
- To establish a classification for human TLOs.
- To correlate TLO presence and stage with atherosclerosis characteristics.
Main Methods:
- Examined 72 human coronary artery samples using immunoenzyme staining.
- Investigated adventitial cellular compounds for TLO presence.
- Classified human TLOs into stages I-III.
Main Results:
- Adventitial cellular compounds partly represented TLOs in human coronary arteries with atherosclerosis.
- TLOs were found in 56% of ischemic heart disease patients and 100% of fatal myocardial infarction cases.
- TLO stage correlated with lesion size, plaque instability/rupture, and media destruction, with Stage III TLOs in all myocardial infarction patients.
Conclusions:
- Tertiary lymphoid organs are present in human coronary artery disease.
- TLOs correlate significantly with lesion size, plaque instability, and rupture.
- TLOs represent a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease.
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