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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

2.8K
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
2.8K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.5K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.5K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.6K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.6K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.3K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.3K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.7K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.7K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.5K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.5K

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Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons
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Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons

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Vibrational coupling in plasmonic molecules.

Chongyue Yi1, Pratiksha D Dongare2,3, Man-Nung Su1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|October 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We discovered that plasmonic molecules exhibit coupled acoustic vibrational modes, controllable by their configuration. This finding offers new strategies for optomechanical devices and controlling the gigahertz response of nanostructures.

Keywords:
coherent phononoptomechanicsplasmonicsultrafast spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Nanoscience
  • Optomechanics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Plasmon hybridization theory successfully explains near-field coupling in plasmonic nanoparticles (plasmonic molecules).
  • Vibrational modes within plasmonic molecules remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the vibrational modes of plasmonic molecules.
  • To understand the mechanisms and controllability of intramolecular coupling in these structures.

Main Methods:

  • Design and fabrication of precisely configured plasmonic molecules of varying complexity.
  • Probing individual plasmonic molecules to observe their vibrational behavior.

Main Results:

  • Observed intramolecular coupling of acoustic modes mediated by the substrate.
  • Demonstrated that coupling strength is tunable via plasmonic molecule configuration.
  • Found that classical elastic theory does not match experimental data, unlike a coupled oscillator model with low-energy coherent phonons.

Conclusions:

  • A coupled oscillator model accurately describes the observed vibrational coupling.
  • Findings provide a pathway for optical control of the gigahertz response in metallic nanostructures.
  • Opens avenues for novel optomechanical device strategies.