Diagnostic significance of serum periostin in eosinophilic chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous disease. Eosinophilic CRSwNP (ENP) exhibits a strong tendency for recurrence after surgery. Given that the treatment strategy of ENP differs from that of non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (nENP), clinical diagnostic criteria that distinguish ENP from nENP are needed.

In total, 94 CRSwNP patients were enrolled in the cohort. Factors associated with ENP were determined with regression analysis, and optimal cutoff points of the predictors were determined by a receiver operating characteristic curve.

Serum periostin levels, blood eosinophils and basophils counts significantly differed between ENP and nENP. A combination of the cut-off values for the three predictors, including absolute blood eosinophil and basophil counts, yielded a sensitivity of 79.2% and 70.8%, and a specificity of 84.8% and 73.9%, respectively. Serum periostin levels yielded a sensitivity of 72.9% and a specificity of 60.9% for the diagnosis of ENP. The predicted probability of periostin in combination with blood eosinophils and basophils counts (AUC, 0.872) exhibited moderate accuracy. In addition, patients with ENP displayed an increased prevalence of smoking.

Periostin in combination with blood eosinophils and basophils counts has the potential to better refine current CRSwNP phenotypes.