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Two-dimensional boron: structures, properties and applications.

Zhuhua Zhang¹, Evgeni S Penev, Boris I Yakobson

¹State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.

Chemical Society Reviews

|November 1, 2017

Summary

Researchers explored the creation of stable two-dimensional (2D) boron atomic layers. While theoretically promising and experimentally realized, challenges remain in controlled synthesis and substrate transfer for practical applications.

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Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials

Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials

Published on: July 18, 2025

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Chemistry

Background:

Boron, an element between metals and non-metals, exhibits remarkable chemical versatility with numerous bulk polymorphs.
Low-dimensional boron clusters display intriguing planar or cage-like structures, analogous to carbon allotropes.
The existence of stable two-dimensional (2D) boron is a key question for nanostructure development.

Purpose of the Study:

To review theoretical and experimental advancements in the realization of 2D boron atomic layers.
To understand the progression from boron clusters to 2D forms and their synthesis.
To highlight the properties and application challenges of 2D boron.

Main Methods:

Review of theoretical studies on boron cluster structures and extrapolation to 2D forms.
Analysis of theoretical guidance for synthesis routes.
Compilation of experimental efforts leading to the realization of 2D boron.

Main Results:

Decade-long research has elucidated size-dependent structures of boron clusters.
Theoretical models have guided the transition from clusters to freestanding and supported 2D boron.
Experimental synthesis of 2D boron has been achieved, revealing unique properties.

Conclusions:

Two-dimensional boron exhibits unusual mechanical, electronic, and chemical characteristics.
Further research is needed for controlled synthesis and substrate transfer to enable practical applications.
The development of 2D boron holds potential for novel nanostructures and materials.