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VANET-GPSR+: A Lightweight Direction-Aware Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks.

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  • 1School of Information and Control, Shenyang Institute of Technology, Shenyang 113122, China.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces VANET-GPSR+, a lightweight routing protocol for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs). It enhances packet delivery and reduces delay by using movement direction, outperforming existing protocols with minimal overhead.

Keywords:
Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR)direction awarenesslink stabilityprobability modelrouting optimizationvehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs)

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Network Engineering
  • Wireless Communication

Background:

  • Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) face challenges with high node mobility and unstable topologies.
  • Conventional Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) suffers from weak link stability and inefficient route discovery due to a lack of direction awareness.
  • Existing direction-aware routing protocols often incur significant computational overhead, unsuitable for resource-constrained onboard units.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present VANET-GPSR+, a novel, lightweight routing protocol designed to overcome the limitations of conventional GPSR in VANETs.
  • To enhance routing efficiency and link stability in highly dynamic vehicular networks.
  • To provide a theoretically grounded solution for direction-aware routing without complex parameter fusion.

Main Methods:

  • Developed VANET-GPSR+, a protocol relying solely on movement direction for routing decisions.
  • Implemented three lightweight mechanisms: direction-aware neighbor classification, adaptive greedy forwarding region expansion, and path deviation angle-based next-hop selection.
  • Constructed a probabilistic link lifetime model to quantify the benefits of direction awareness.

Main Results:

  • VANET-GPSR+ improved packet delivery ratio by 16.3% and reduced end-to-end delay by 27.5% compared to standard GPSR.
  • The protocol outperformed OP-GPSR and AK-GPSR in simulations.
  • Demonstrated negligible CPU and memory overhead, with CPU usage over 50% lower than benchmarks at 80 vehicles/km.

Conclusions:

  • VANET-GPSR+ offers substantial performance gains in packet delivery and delay reduction for VANETs.
  • The protocol maintains GPSR's stateless and distributed characteristics while introducing minimal overhead.
  • VANET-GPSR+ presents an efficient and robust routing solution for highly dynamic vehicular environments.