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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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[DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH TO PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE].

J Vučak, E VučK, I Balint

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by reduced kidney function or albuminuria lasting over three months, often asymptomatic in early stages. Early diagnosis and management by family physicians are crucial for patient care and preventing complications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Internal Medicine
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by persistent albuminuria (>30 mg/day) or reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) for over three months, alongside evidence of kidney damage.
    • Leading causes of CKD in developed nations include diabetes and arterial hypertension, with inflammatory and congenital conditions being less common.
    • The CGA classification system categorizes CKD by Cause, GFR category, and Albuminuria level, aiding in diagnosis and management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline the consensus definition and key diagnostic criteria for chronic kidney disease (CKD).
    • To highlight the importance of classifying CKD using the CGA system for tailored treatment and monitoring.
    • To emphasize the role of family physicians in the early screening and diagnosis of CKD.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of consensus definitions for CKD, including urinary albumin excretion and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) thresholds.
    • Description of common etiologies of CKD, such as diabetes, hypertension, and inflammatory or congenital diseases.
    • Explanation of the CGA (Cause, GFR, Albuminuria) classification system for staging CKD.

    Main Results:

    • Early-stage CKD may present with subtle changes in creatinine, reduced eGFR, and albuminuria, often without overt symptoms.
    • Accurate grading of renal impairment is essential for determining appropriate treatment strategies, monitoring protocols, and patient education.
    • Increasing diagnostic capabilities and an aging population contribute to a rising incidence of CKD diagnoses.

    Conclusions:

    • CKD diagnosis requires persistent abnormalities in kidney function or structure.
    • The CGA classification provides a framework for understanding CKD severity and guiding clinical decisions.
    • Family physicians play a vital role in the early detection and collaborative management of CKD patients.