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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory
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Is mindfulness research methodology improving over time? A systematic review.

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Mindfulness research shows little improvement in methodological rigor despite calls for better quality. Studies have not consistently adopted key features like active controls or larger sample sizes.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Mindfulness Research

Background:

  • Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have grown exponentially.
  • Scientific evidence for MBIs has faced criticism regarding methodological quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the increase in methodological rigor in mindfulness research over 16 years.
  • To evaluate the adoption of six key features: active controls, larger sample sizes, longer follow-up, treatment fidelity, instructor training, and intent-to-treat (ITT) analyses.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized clinical trials of MBIs.
  • Searched PubMed, PsychInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, and a mindfulness study repository.
  • Included 171 studies representing 142 non-overlapping samples from 2000-2016.

Main Results:

  • No overall increase in study quality indicators was observed.
  • Increased reporting of ITT analyses was found in studies from Europe and North America.
  • Excluding one early high-quality study revealed improvements in sample size, treatment fidelity, and ITT analyses.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest a modest adoption of recommended methodological improvements in mindfulness research.
  • Discusses implications for interpreting existing research and guiding future studies.
  • Highlights the need for continued focus on enhancing research quality in the field.