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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
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Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
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Nonlinear photon-atom coupling with 4Pi microscopy.

Yue-Sum Chin1, Matthias Steiner1,2, Christian Kurtsiefer3,4

  • 1Centre for Quantum Technologies, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.

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|November 2, 2017
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Researchers achieved strong single-photon interactions with atoms using 4Pi microscopy. This breakthrough enables efficient light control at the quantum level, advancing few-photon nonlinear optics.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Atomic physics
  • Nanophotonics

Background:

  • Nonlinear interactions between single photons and atoms are crucial for quantum technologies.
  • Current methods are limited by diffraction, restricting interaction strength.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt super-resolution imaging for enhanced light-atom coupling.
  • To achieve nonlinear optical effects at the single-photon level.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 4Pi microscopy to overcome the diffraction limit for light focusing.
  • Coupled incident photons to a single atom in free space.

Main Results:

  • Observed 36.6(3)% extinction of the incident light field.
  • Detected modified photon statistics in the transmitted field, confirming nonlinear interaction.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated efficient single-photon coupling to individual atoms using 4Pi microscopy.
  • Opened new avenues for few-photon nonlinear optics with single atoms.