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Eastern Arctic ambient noise on a drifting vertical array.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ambient noise in the eastern Arctic was measured using a hydrophone array. Ice, whale calls, and seismic surveys were identified as key noise contributors, with levels varying by frequency and depth.

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Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Acoustics
  • Arctic studies

Background:

  • Understanding Arctic ambient noise is crucial for marine mammal protection and seismic activity monitoring.
  • Limited data exists for eastern Arctic ambient noise levels, especially during the ice-drift season.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize ambient noise in the eastern Arctic Ocean.
  • To identify and quantify major noise sources impacting the acoustic environment.
  • To assess noise level variations with depth and geographic location.

Main Methods:

  • Deployed a 22-element vertical hydrophone array drifting from the North Pole to Fram Strait (April-September 2013).
  • Recorded acoustic data for 108 minutes daily, six days per week, at a sampling rate of 1953.125 Hz.
  • Analyzed 19 days of data, removing corrupted segments, to identify noise contributors and spectral characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Identified noise sources including ice noise (broadband and tonal), bowhead whale vocalizations, seismic airgun surveys, and earthquake T-phases.
  • Detected endangered Spitsbergen bowhead whales as far north as 86°24'N.
  • Observed changes in ambient noise levels correlated with seismic airgun activity (low frequencies) and ice noise (high frequencies), consistent across array depths.

Conclusions:

  • Eastern Arctic ambient noise is influenced by natural (ice, marine life, seismic events) and anthropogenic (airgun surveys) sources.
  • May 2013 noise levels were low compared to sparse eastern Arctic data but comparable to western Arctic levels.
  • Findings provide valuable baseline acoustic data for the eastern Arctic, aiding environmental impact assessments.