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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

3.1K
Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

1.9K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
1.9K
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

2.0K
The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
2.0K
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

2.1K
Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
2.1K
Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

2.8K
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
2.8K
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

1.2K
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
1.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

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Paraneoplastic autoimmune movement disorders.

Thien Thien Lim1

  • 1Island Hospital, 308 Macalister Road, 10450 Penang, Malaysia.

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
|November 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Paraneoplastic autoimmune disorders can manifest as movement disorders. Recognizing these conditions is crucial for detecting underlying cancers, as new antibodies are continually identified.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Paraneoplastic autoimmune disorders are increasingly recognized.
  • The spectrum of associated antibodies, targeting cell surface and intracellular antigens, is expanding.
  • Many idiopathic or neurodegenerative movement disorders are being reclassified as immune-mediated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review paraneoplastic autoimmune disorders presenting with movement disorders.
  • To highlight the expanding range of antibodies and associated movement disorders.
  • To emphasize the importance of recognizing these conditions for malignancy detection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of paraneoplastic autoimmune disorders and movement disorders.
  • Analysis of newly identified neuronal antibodies and their clinical manifestations.
Keywords:
AutoimmuneMovement disordersParaneoplastic

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  • Case study examples of specific antibody-associated movement disorders.

    • Main Results:

    • Expanding spectrum of paraneoplastic autoimmune disorders with new antibodies.
    • Various movement disorders, including dyskinesia, chorea, ataxia, neuromyotonia, and opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome, are associated with these disorders.
    • Examples include anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, CRMP-5 IgG, anti-Yo, anti-VGKC complex (Caspr2), and stiff-person syndrome.

    Conclusions:

    • Movement disorders can be a key presentation of paraneoplastic autoimmune disorders.
    • Early recognition of these immune-mediated conditions and their phenomenology is vital.
    • Diagnosis may lead to the discovery of occult malignancies.