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Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

756
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
756
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
1.3K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

805
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
805
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

1.8K
Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
1.8K
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

785
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
785
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

1.6K
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers
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Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

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Selected highlights in clinical anesthesia research.

Mark C Kendall1, Zachary M Robbins1, Alexander Cohen1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, United States.

Journal of Clinical Anesthesia
|November 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review highlights 2016 anesthesiology research, covering general anesthesia, airway management, and regional anesthesia advancements. It informs clinicians on developing trends and future research challenges in clinical anesthesia practice.

Keywords:
General anesthesiaIntubationNeuromuscular blockadePain managementReginal anesthesia

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Optogenetic Activation of Afferent Pathways in Brain Slices and Modulation of Responses by Volatile Anesthetics
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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Clinical Practice
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Anesthesiology is a dynamic field with continuous advancements.
  • Staying updated with the latest research is crucial for effective clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review significant research highlights from 2016 in anesthesiology.
  • To provide an overview of developments in general, abdominal, obstetrical, gynecological, and regional anesthesia.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of manuscripts published in 2016.
  • Focus on research pertaining to the clinical practice of anesthesiology.

Main Results:

  • The review covers key themes in general anesthesia, including airway management, abdominal surgery, and obstetrical and gynecological anesthesia.
  • Advancements in regional anesthesia specialties are also detailed.

Conclusions:

  • The reviewed evidence informs anesthesiologists about emerging trends in the field.
  • Identified trends present new challenges and opportunities for future research in anesthesiology.