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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
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Gonococcal Arthritis and C2 Deficiency.

Diego Benavent Núñez1, Carolina Tornero Marín1, Gema Bonilla Hernán1

  • 1Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España.

Reumatologia Clinica
|November 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Disseminated gonococcal infection, a rare Neisseria gonorrhoeae presentation, occurred in a woman with C2 complement deficiency. This case highlights the link between complement deficiencies and severe gonorrhea outcomes.

Keywords:
Artritis esternoclavicularComplementComplementoDisseminated gonococcal infectionEnfermedad gonocócica diseminadaGonococcusGonococoSternoclavicular arthritis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) is a rare but serious complication of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection.
  • Complement deficiencies, particularly C2 deficiency, have been infrequently associated with DGI.
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a significant sexually transmitted pathogen.

Observation:

  • A 64-year-old woman presented with oligoarthritis and malaise, indicative of DGI.
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae was identified in her carpal synovial fluid.
  • Laboratory tests revealed a complete absence of total hemolytic complement and undetectable C2 levels.

Findings:

  • The patient's presentation of DGI was linked to a confirmed C2 deficiency.
  • This case adds to the limited published evidence associating C2 deficiency with DGI.
  • The absence of complement C2 impairs the host's ability to control Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections.

Implications:

  • Understanding the role of complement deficiencies in DGI can improve diagnosis and management.
  • Genetic screening for complement deficiencies may be considered in recurrent or severe Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering host factors in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases.