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Updated: Feb 19, 2026
Evaluation of a Novel Laser-assisted Coronary Anastomotic Connector - the Trinity Clip - in a Porcine Off-pump Bypass Model
Published on: November 24, 2014
Safety and feasibility of a low frame rate protocol for percutaneous coronary intervention to chronic total
Lei Ge1, Xin Zhong, Jianying Ma
1Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Aims:
The present study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a low frame rate protocol for chronic total occlusion (CTO)-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods And Results:
A total of 192 consecutive patients who underwent CTO-PCI following the low frame rate protocol were analysed. The low frame rate protocol adopted reduced frame rates and the addition of copper and aluminium filters. Procedural outcomes, radiation dose and in-hospital outcomes were ascertained. Meanwhile, a phantom experiment was designed to measure the radiation dose reduction. Overall technical and procedural success rates were 91.1% (175) and 90.6% (174), respectively. The retrograde approach was attempted in 56 (29.2%) lesions. The mean air kerma (AK) radiation exposure, fluoroscopy time and contrast volume were 2.6±2.0 Gy, 50.3±34.3 min and 294.1±131.8 ml, respectively. In-hospital major adverse events occurred in one patient (0.5%) and procedural complications occurred in six patients (3.1%). In the phantom experiment, a remarkable radiation dose reduction could be achieved for AK, dose area product (DAP), simulated first and second operator radiation exposure (reduction of 72.5%, 69.8%, 60.9% and 59.6%, respectively) in cineangiography from this protocol.
Conclusions:
Our results provide the primary evidence that it appears to be safe and feasible to carry out the low frame rate protocol for CTO-PCI.
