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Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
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Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
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Temperature management under general anesthesia: Compulsion or option.

Barkha Bindu1, Ashish Bindra1, Girija Rath1

  • 1Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Journal of Anaesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology
|November 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Perioperative temperature monitoring is crucial during anesthesia but often overlooked. This review covers thermoregulation, anesthesia effects, monitoring methods, and managing temperature complications for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Hyperthermiahypothermiainadvertentintraoperativetemperaturethermoregulation

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Continuous monitoring of vital parameters, including body temperature, is essential during general anesthesia.
  • Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia is common and negatively impacts patient outcomes.
  • Lack of specific guidelines for intraoperative temperature monitoring and management exists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the physiology of thermoregulation.
  • To review the effects of anesthesia on thermoregulation.
  • To provide comprehensive information on perioperative temperature management.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of thermoregulation physiology.
  • Review of anesthesia's impact on temperature regulation.
  • Analysis of various temperature monitoring sites and methods.
  • Evaluation of perioperative warming/cooling devices.
  • Examination of guidelines for temperature management.
  • Review of inadvertent temperature complications and control measures.

Main Results:

  • Anesthesia significantly affects the body's thermoregulation.
  • Various sites and methods exist for temperature monitoring, each with pros and cons.
  • Warming and cooling devices are available to maintain normothermia.
  • Inadvertent hypothermia/hyperthermia can lead to adverse outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized guidelines for perioperative temperature monitoring and management are needed.
  • Effective temperature management is vital for improving patient outcomes during anesthesia.
  • Further research into optimal monitoring sites and modalities is warranted.