Related Experiment Video For Cystoscopy
Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of the Urinary Tract: The Technique
Published on: January 10, 2013
[Supplementary optical techniques for the detection of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer]
S Aeishen1, Y Dawood1, S Papadoukakis1
1Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, MKH St. Josefshospital, Krefeld-Uerdingen, Kurfürstenstraße 69, 47829, Krefeld, Deutschland.
Abstract:
White light cystoscopy (WL) is the gold standard for the detection of bladder cancer. It can be performed using a rigid or flexible urethrocystoscope. With the more recent introduction of high definition (HD) techniques, WL cystoscopy has been decisively improved. Supplementary optical techniques are also used to improve the detection of bladder cancer. Among these are photodynamic diagnosis (PDD), narrow-band imaging (NBI), S‑technologies of IMAGE1 S, optical coherence tomography (OCT), confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), and Raman spectroscopy. The aim of the present work is to introduce the techniques and to discuss their current role and future potential in the detection of bladder cancer.
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