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Reducing soft-tissue shrinkage artefacts caused by staining with Lugol's solution.

Y Dawood1,2, J Hagoort2, B A Siadari2

  • 1Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Scientific Reports
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Area of Science:

  • Morphological research
  • Developmental anatomy
  • Medical imaging

Background:

  • Diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT) is valuable for studying anatomy.
  • Lugol's solution (Lugol) is an effective contrast agent but causes significant tissue shrinkage.
  • The mechanism behind Lugol-induced shrinkage and prevention methods are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between tissue shrinkage, solution osmolarity, and acidification during Lugol staining.
  • To develop a method to prevent Lugol-induced tissue shrinkage without compromising contrast enhancement.

Main Methods:

  • Tissue volume changes were quantified using 2D-segmented magnetic resonance and diceCT images analyzed with AMIRA software.
  • Statistical analyses, including partial correlation and stepwise regression, were employed to determine the cause of shrinkage.
  • A buffered Lugol's solution (B-Lugol) was developed and tested for its efficacy in preventing shrinkage.

Main Results:

  • Acidification of Lugol's solution was identified as the primary cause of tissue shrinkage.
  • The developed buffered Lugol's solution (B-Lugol) effectively prevented tissue shrinkage by stabilizing the solution's pH.
  • Staining efficacy was maintained with B-Lugol, demonstrating no compromise in contrast enhancement.

Conclusions:

  • Acidification is the main driver of tissue shrinkage in Lugol-enhanced diceCT.
  • Buffered Lugol's solution (B-Lugol) offers a viable solution to prevent shrinkage, improving anatomical research accuracy.
  • This modification requires minimal adaptation to existing diceCT staining protocols.