Resol based chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite nanoensemble for effective bone tissue engineering.

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• Chitosan-hydroxyapatite (CHA) nanocomposites are explored for bone tissue engineering.
• Incorporating resol resin (RS) aims to enhance CHA properties.
• Developing novel triconstituent nanoensembles is crucial for advanced biomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize and characterize a novel triconstituent nanoensemble: chitosan-hydroxyapatite-resol resin (CHA-RS).
• To evaluate the physicochemical properties and biological activity of CHA-RS nanocomposites.
• To assess the efficacy of the optimal CHA-RS formulation in promoting bone regeneration in a calvarial defect model.

Main Methods:

• Co-precipitation method used to synthesize CHA-RS(0.5,1,2) nanocomposites.
• Characterization via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and mechanical testing.
• In vitro evaluation of protein adsorption, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity, and apatite formation.
• In vivo assessment in an 8mm critical-size calvarial defect model in albino rats, comparing CHA-1RS to Cerabone.

Main Results:

• CHA-RS nanocomposites exhibited interconnected rough morphology with homogenous distribution of 12-19nm needle-shaped particles.
• CHA-1RS showed significantly enhanced thermal stability and mechanical strength compared to binary CHA.
• CHA-1RS demonstrated superior protein adsorption, ALP activity, and apatite formation ability.
• In vivo studies revealed CHA-1RS significantly accelerated bone regeneration in calvarial defects within 2 weeks, outperforming Cerabone.

Conclusions:

• The CHA-1RS triconstituent nanoensemble possesses enhanced thermal and mechanical properties.
• CHA-1RS exhibits excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductive potential.
• CHA-1RS represents a promising alternative biomaterial for bone tissue engineering and orthopedic applications.