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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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The naming of enantiomers employs the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog rules that involve assigning priorities to different substituent groups at a chiral center. Each enantiomer, being a distinct molecule, is assigned a unique name by the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog (CIP) rules, also called the R–S system. The prefix R- or S- attached to the chiral centers in an enantiomer is dependent on the spatial arrangement of the four substituents on the chiral center. The R–S system essentially comprises three...
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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
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Interfering with DNA High-Order Structures using Chiral Ruthenium(II) Complexes.

Shanshan Zou1, Guanying Li1, Thomas W Rees1

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|November 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ruthenium(II) complexes can alter DNA structure, inducing B-Z transitions and compaction. Modifications to these complexes can enhance the link between DNA transition and condensation, leading to higher-order structures.

Keywords:
DNAchiralityhigh-order structuresplanarityruthenium

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Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Biophysical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • DNA exists in various secondary structures, including the B-Z transition.
  • DNA compaction is crucial for packaging within cells and for biotechnological applications.
  • Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes are known DNA intercalators with potential for structural modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of novel ruthenium(II) complexes with varying imidazophenanthroline ligands on DNA structure.
  • To explore the relationship between DNA B-Z transition and condensation induced by these complexes.
  • To synthesize and characterize ruthenium(II) complexes with tunable steric and electronic properties for DNA interaction studies.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of a series of ruthenium(II) complexes featuring imidazophenanthroline ligands of differing size and planarity.
  • Spectroscopic and biophysical techniques to assess DNA structural changes (B-Z transition) and condensation.
  • Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to visualize DNA morphological alterations.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized ruthenium(II) complexes demonstrated varied effects on DNA, from minimal impact to inducing B-Z transitions and higher-order structure formation.
  • A correlation between DNA B-Z transition and condensation was observed, which could be modulated by ligand design.
  • Chiral ruthenium(II) complexes were shown to induce significant morphological changes in DNA structures.

Conclusions:

  • Ruthenium(II) complexes can effectively control DNA secondary structure and induce compaction.
  • Ligand design in ruthenium(II) complexes offers a pathway to fine-tune DNA structural transitions and condensation.
  • These findings highlight the potential of tailored metal complexes in manipulating DNA architecture for advanced applications.