Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer
Published on: January 10, 2017
Unraveling current hysteresis effects in regular-type C60-CH3NH3PbI3 heterojunction solar cells
Lung-Chien Chen1, Yu-Shiang Lin, Po-Wen Tang
1Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan, Republic of China. ocean@ntut.edu.tw tw78787788@yahoo.com.tw.
Abstract:
Comprehensive studies were carried out to understand the origin of the current hysteresis effects in highly efficient C60-CH3NH3PbI3(MAPbI3) heterojunction solar cells, using atomic-force microscopy, transmittance spectra, photoluminescence spectra, X-ray diffraction patterns and a femtosecond time-resolved pump-probe technique. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of C60-MAPbI3 solar cells can be increased to 18.23% by eliminating the point (lattice) defects in the MAPbI3 thin film which is fabricated by using the one-step spin-coating method with toluene washing treatment. The experimental results show that the point defects and surface defects of the MAPbI3 thin films can be minimized by varying the dropping time of the washing solvent. The point defects (surface defects) can be reduced with an (a) increase (decrease) in the dropping time, resulting in an optimized dropping time for obtaining the defect-minimized MAPbI3 thin film deposited on top of the C60 thin film. Consequently, the formation of the defect-minimized MAPbI3 thin film allows for high-efficiency MAPbI3 solar cells.
Related Concept Videos
P-N junction
Biasing of P-N Junction
In equilibrium, no external voltage is applied across the p-n junction. The depletion region is formed at the junction interface due to the diffusion of carriers, which leaves behind charged dopants, acceptors on the p-side, and donors on the n-side. These immobile charges create an electric field that prevents further diffusion of carriers. The related energy band...
π Molecular Orbitals of 1,3-Butadiene
The simplest conjugated diene is 1,3-butadiene: a four-carbon system where each carbon is sp2-hybridized and has an unhybridized p orbital that contains an unpaired electron. According to molecular orbital theory, atomic orbitals combine to form molecular orbitals such that the number...
Stability of Conjugated Dienes
A comparison of the enthalpies of hydrogenation of dienes reveals that conjugated dienes release less heat on hydrogenation, rendering them more stable than their nonconjugated analogs.
Schottky Barrier Diode
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

