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Methane Bubble Size Distributions, Flux, and Dissolution in a Freshwater Lake.

Kyle B Delwiche1, Harold F Hemond1

  • 1Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

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|November 9, 2017
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Methane bubbles released from lake sediments vary in size, impacting how much methane dissolves before reaching the surface. This study measured bubble sizes to improve models of methane release and dissolution in aquatic environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Limnology

Background:

  • Methane ebullition from anoxic sediments is a primary release pathway.
  • Bubble size significantly influences methane dissolution rates during ascent.
  • Measuring natural methane bubble size distributions is challenging over broad scales.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate methane bubble size distributions and their relationship with ebullition flux.
  • To assess the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of bubble sizes.
  • To validate and apply a bubble dissolution model using field data.

Main Methods:

  • Deployed custom optical bubble size sensors in Upper Mystic Lake, MA.
  • Collected continuous data on bubble size and release timing over three months at eight locations.
  • Utilized a widely-used bubble dissolution model.

Main Results:

  • Bubble size distributions were spatially heterogeneous, indicating localized control by sediment conditions.
  • No significant change in bubble size distributions was observed over the three-month period.
  • Mean bubble size positively correlated with daily ebullition flux.
  • Bubble dissolution accounts for ~10% of hypolimnion methane and up to 15% of epilimnion diffusive flux.

Conclusions:

  • Localized sediment conditions play a key role in controlling methane bubble size.
  • Bubble dissolution is a significant, though not dominant, factor in methane budgets of stratified lakes.
  • The validated model provides improved estimates of methane gas exchange in aquatic systems.