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Related Concept Videos

Organic Compounds03:02

Organic Compounds

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All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...
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Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated. 
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Volatilization01:10

Volatilization

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Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
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The Atomic Theory of Matter02:59

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The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, meaning “indivisible.” Later, Aristotle and others came to the conclusion that matter consisted of various combinations of the four “elements” — fire, earth, air, and water — and could be infinitely divided. Interestingly, these philosophers...
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Classifying Matter by State02:49

Classifying Matter by State

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Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
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Concepts and Prototypes01:24

Concepts and Prototypes

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The human nervous system handles vast amounts of information by translating sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes, creating thoughts expressed through language or stored as memories. The brain also synthesizes information from emotions and memories, which significantly influence thoughts and behaviors. This intricate process creates a comprehensive mental picture.
The brain organizes this information using concepts, which are mental categories grouping linguistic data,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in a Flow Tube Reactor
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A Prototype Sensor for In Situ Sensing of Fine Particulate Matter and Volatile Organic Compounds.

Chee-Loon Ng1, Fuu-Ming Kai2, Ming-Hui Tee3

  • 1Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, 1 CREATE Way, CREATE Tower, #10-01, Singapore 138602, Singapore. kelvinng@smart.mit.edu.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A new optical sensor, AtmOptic, accurately measures fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in real-time. This technology aids in air quality monitoring and early pollution warnings.

Keywords:
fine particulate matter sensorin situ real-time air quality sensormulti-pass absorbanceoptical sensorscatteringvolatile organic compounds sensor

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Air pollution causes millions of deaths annually, necessitating effective monitoring.
  • Understanding air quality and pollution sources is vital for public health and timely interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an optical prototype sensor (AtmOptic) for in situ measurement of PM2.5 and VOCs.
  • To assess the sensor's performance against established methods and standards.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed a test chamber for PM2.5 emission measurements from incense burning.
  • Utilized AtmOptic for scattering and absorbance measurements of PM2.5 and VOCs.
  • Correlated sensor data with gravimetric analysis for PM2.5 and calibrated with gas standards for VOCs.

Main Results:

  • AtmOptic demonstrated a strong correlation with gravimetric measurements for PM2.5 concentration.
  • Sensor performance for PM2.5 trended well with a commercial air quality monitor (Dylos DC 1100 Pro).
  • Successfully recorded absorbance spectra of various VOCs and quantified toluene concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • The AtmOptic sensor shows significant capability for in situ detection and quantification of both PM2.5 and VOCs.
  • This technology offers a promising tool for real-time air quality assessment and pollution source identification.