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Clinician-Friendly Physical Performance Tests for the Knee.

Jerrod J Harrison1, Marissa K Yorgey1, Alexander J Csiernik1

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Summary

Physical performance tests (PPTs) for knee function in athletes show limited evidence for measurement quality and do not predict knee injuries. Clinicians should use caution when interpreting PPT results for athletes.

Keywords:
functional testhop testinjury predictionreliabilitysingle-legged hop

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Orthopedics
  • Rehabilitation

Background:

  • Lower extremity injuries are common in athletes.
  • Physical performance tests (PPTs) are used to assess athlete function and predict injury risk.
  • The reliability and validity of PPTs for knee function require thorough evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the measurement properties of individual PPTs for lower extremity function in athletes aged 12 years and older.
  • To determine if PPTs correlate with knee injuries in athletic populations.
  • To assess the clinical utility of PPTs for return-to-sport decisions.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted, searching PubMed, EMBASE, and SPORTDiscus.
  • Studies involving PPTs for lower extremity function, excluding costly or non-portable equipment, were included.
  • Methodologic quality was assessed using the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN).

Main Results:

  • Twenty-nine articles were included, evaluating six specific hop tests and the triple jump.
  • The reviewed PPTs demonstrated fair to poor reliability and hypothesis testing.
  • Criterion validity was generally good, but responsiveness was variable; no tests reliably predicted knee injury in athletes.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence regarding the measurement quality of knee-focused PPTs is limited and often conflicting.
  • Further research is needed to establish the reliability and validity of these functional tests.
  • Clinicians should exercise caution when using current PPTs to guide clinical decisions for athletes' knee health.