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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Measurement of T Cell Alloreactivity Using Imaging Flow Cytometry

Measurement of T Cell Alloreactivity Using Imaging Flow Cytometry

Published on: April 19, 2017

ATP and T-cell-mediated rejection.

Eduardo Castillo-Leon^1,2, Sergio Dellepiane^1,2, Paolo Fiorina^1,3,4

¹Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation

|November 10, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Extracellular ATP (eATP) signaling influences T-cell responses in transplantation. Inhibiting eATP signaling can prevent rejection, promote regulatory T cells, and improve graft survival, offering potential therapeutic strategies.

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Last Updated: Feb 19, 2026

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Transplantation Biology
Purinergic Signaling

Background:

Extracellular purines, including ATP, act as paracrine mediators influencing immune cell function.
Extracellular ATP (eATP) plays a critical role in T-lymphocyte activation and phenotype.
The purinergic axis is implicated in T-cell-mediated alloimmune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of ATP signaling in T-cell-mediated alloimmune responses.
To discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting ATP signaling in transplantation.

Main Methods:

Review of animal models of solid organ and hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Analysis of studies targeting purinergic receptors, particularly P2X receptors.
Examination of pharmacological interventions for purinergic system modulation.

Main Results:

Inhibition of ATP-gated P2X receptors halts lymphocyte activation.
Targeting eATP signaling downregulates Th1 and Th17 responses.
Inhibition promotes T-regulatory (Treg) cell differentiation and enhances graft survival.
Preclinical studies show attenuation of graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease.

Conclusions:

Inhibition of eATP signaling is a promising strategy to modulate alloimmune responses.
Expanded Treg cell populations and improved graft survival are key outcomes.
Approved drugs targeting the purinergic system may offer viable therapeutic options for transplant patients.