Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

662
Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
MRI
MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...
662
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

502
The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
502
Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT01:30

Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT

1.2K
Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and...
1.2K
Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

495
Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
495
Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

627
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET
627
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

10.7K
German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
10.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

AI for Radiology: A Primer Part II. Interacting with AI Results.

Radiology·2026
Same author

CSF-venous Fistulas Arising in the Absence of Nerve Root Sleeve Diverticula: A Multi-Center Review.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2026
Same author

Out of the Reading Room: The Case for Patient-Facing Neuroradiology in Spinal CSF Leak Care.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2026
Same author

Patient-Reported Barriers to Care in Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2026
Same author

Spinal Compliance as a Candidate Physiologic Marker of Response to Empiric Epidural Blood Patching in Patients with Suspected CSF Leak and Non-Localizing Myelography.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2026
Same author

When Orthostatic Headache Misleads: Positional Headache Phenotypes Across Spinal CSF Leak Types and Implications for Patients Without SIH Findings on Brain MRI.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Construction of a Preclinical Multimodality Phantom Using Tissue-mimicking Materials for Quality Assurance in Tumor Size Measurement
06:33

Construction of a Preclinical Multimodality Phantom Using Tissue-mimicking Materials for Quality Assurance in Tumor Size Measurement

Published on: July 29, 2013

11.7K

Can Radiologists Learn From Airport Baggage Screening?: A Survey About Using Fictional Patients for Quality

Andrew Phelps1, Andrew L Callen1, Peter Marcovici2

  • 1Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1975 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158.

Academic Radiology
|November 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The prevalence effect, a challenge in medical imaging, can be mitigated using fictional targets. However, radiologists are hesitant to adopt fictional patients for quality assurance due to time concerns.

Keywords:
Airport baggage screeningprevalence effect

More Related Videos

Management of Respiratory Motion Artefacts in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography using an Amplitude-Based Optimal Respiratory Gating Algorithm
06:53

Management of Respiratory Motion Artefacts in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography using an Amplitude-Based Optimal Respiratory Gating Algorithm

Published on: July 23, 2020

6.2K
Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an ABSL-4 Laboratory: 4. Medical Imaging Procedures
09:36

Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an ABSL-4 Laboratory: 4. Medical Imaging Procedures

Published on: October 3, 2016

11.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Construction of a Preclinical Multimodality Phantom Using Tissue-mimicking Materials for Quality Assurance in Tumor Size Measurement
06:33

Construction of a Preclinical Multimodality Phantom Using Tissue-mimicking Materials for Quality Assurance in Tumor Size Measurement

Published on: July 29, 2013

11.7K
Management of Respiratory Motion Artefacts in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography using an Amplitude-Based Optimal Respiratory Gating Algorithm
06:53

Management of Respiratory Motion Artefacts in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography using an Amplitude-Based Optimal Respiratory Gating Algorithm

Published on: July 23, 2020

6.2K
Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an ABSL-4 Laboratory: 4. Medical Imaging Procedures
09:36

Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an ABSL-4 Laboratory: 4. Medical Imaging Procedures

Published on: October 3, 2016

11.6K

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiology
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • Low target prevalence in medical imaging, like in airport baggage screening, leads to reduced detection rates (prevalence effect).
  • Fictional targets digitally superimposed on real items improve detection and performance monitoring in baggage screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review psychophysics literature on the prevalence effect.
  • To assess radiologists' attitudes towards using fictional patients as a quality assurance tool.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of psychophysics and airport baggage screening.
  • Online survey distributed to members of the Association of University Radiologists.

Main Results:

  • Psychophysics literature supports using fictional targets to combat the prevalence effect.
  • Only 31% of surveyed radiologists agreed that fictional patients are a good idea, with 89% citing time constraints.

Conclusions:

  • Fictional targets are psychophysically validated for mitigating the prevalence effect.
  • Academic radiologists are largely unreceptive to using fictional patients for quality assurance.