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Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Medium-throughput Screening Assays for Assessment of Effects on Ca2+-Signaling and Acrosome Reaction in Human Sperm

Medium-throughput Screening Assays for Assessment of Effects on Ca2+-Signaling and Acrosome Reaction in Human Sperm

Published on: March 1, 2019

Chromatin Protamination and Catsper Expression in Spermatozoa Predict Clinical Outcomes after Assisted Reproduction

S Marchiani¹, L Tamburrino², F Benini³

¹Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. sara.marchiani@unifi.it.

Scientific Reports

|November 11, 2017

Summary

Sperm chromatin maturity and CATSPER expression are key predictors of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) success. These sperm parameters can help predict good embryo quality and clinical pregnancy rates, aiding in couple counseling.

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Last Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Medium-throughput Screening Assays for Assessment of Effects on Ca2+-Signaling and Acrosome Reaction in Human Sperm

Medium-throughput Screening Assays for Assessment of Effects on Ca2+-Signaling and Acrosome Reaction in Human Sperm

Published on: March 1, 2019

Recording Electrical Currents across the Plasma Membrane of Mammalian Sperm Cells

Recording Electrical Currents across the Plasma Membrane of Mammalian Sperm Cells

Published on: February 14, 2021

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Biomarkers for Detecting Human Sperm Functional Defects

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Biomarkers for Detecting Human Sperm Functional Defects

Published on: April 21, 2022

Area of Science:

Reproductive Biology
Sperm Physiology
Assisted Reproductive Technologies

Background:

Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) success is significantly influenced by gamete quality.
Identifying predictive markers for ART outcomes is crucial for improving success rates.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate sperm chromatin maturity and CATSPER expression as predictors of ART outcomes.
To assess the correlation between these sperm parameters and embryo quality, fertilization, and clinical pregnancy.

Main Methods:

Sperm chromatin maturity assessed using Chromomycin A3 (CMA3) and Aniline Blue (AB) staining.
CATSPER (sperm-specific calcium channel) expression measured via flow cytometry.
Analysis of ART outcomes in 206 couples, including embryo quality, fertilization rates, and clinical pregnancy.

Main Results:

CMA3 positivity and CATSPER expression significantly predicted good embryo quality (ORs 6.6 and 14.3, respectively).
AB staining correlated with fertilization rates.
In women ≤35 years, CATSPER expression predicted clinical pregnancy (OR 4.4).
A predictive model incorporating CMA3, CATSPER, and other factors demonstrated high accuracy for good embryo quality.

Conclusions:

Sperm chromatin maturity (CMA3) and CATSPER expression are valuable tools for predicting ART success.
These markers can aid in couple counseling and treatment planning.
This study is the first to demonstrate CATSPER expression's role in ART-related embryo development.