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11:21
Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data
Published on: July 27, 2018
Barriers and facilitators while implementing community first responder systems in a western setting: mixed-methods
E Moens1, E Degraeuwe2, M L Caputo3,4,5
1Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
International Journal of Emergency Medicine
|May 8, 2026
Summary
Implementing community first responder (CFR) networks requires stable funding, clear governance, and legal frameworks. Essential elements include training, dispatch protocols, and psychological support for better out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival.
Area of Science:
- Emergency Medicine
- Public Health
- Cardiology
Background:
- Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival depends on early cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation.
- Community first responder (CFR) networks enhance early response but face varied international adoption.
- This study identifies key factors influencing CFR system implementation via expert consensus.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize critical factors affecting the implementation of community first responder (CFR) systems.
- To identify barriers and facilitators for developing effective CFR networks internationally.
- To achieve expert consensus on essential components for CFR system maturation.
Main Methods:
- A mixed-methods approach combining an expert consensus workshop and an online survey.
- Data collection involved 46 experts from 14 countries during a workshop in Germany.
- Thematic content analysis and descriptive statistics were used to identify consensus areas.
Main Results:
- High consensus on locally adapted dispatch algorithms, privacy rules, CFR training, and psychological support.
- Weaker agreement on funding, legal frameworks, and automated external defibrillator (AED) registry organization.
- Implementation challenges include recruitment, funding, coordination, and volunteer attrition; supportive legal frameworks and AED registries are facilitators.
Conclusions:
- Stable funding, coherent governance, and aligned legal frameworks are crucial for CFR system implementation.
- Comprehensive AED registration and data-driven feedback are vital for system optimization.
- Targeted training and psychological support for CFRs are essential for sustainability and effectiveness.
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