Abdominal Regions and Quadrants
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Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Surgical Approach and Complications of Stand-alone Lateral Trans-Psoas Interbody Fusion
Published on: February 14, 2025
Kazuo Ishikawa1, Shota Nakao2, Makoto Nakamuro1
1Department of Surgery Seikeikai Hospital Minami-Yasuicho Sakai-ku Sakai-shi Osaka Japan.
The interfascial planes theory offers a clearer understanding of retroperitoneal anatomy but contains embryological errors. Microscopic study revisions are presented for improved diagnosis and treatment of retroperitoneal conditions.
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