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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
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GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
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Energy Transfer in Chemical Reactions01:16

Energy Transfer in Chemical Reactions

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Chemical reactions require sufficient energy to cause the matter to collide with enough precision and force that old chemical bonds can be broken and new ones formed. In general, kinetic energy is the form of energy powering any type of matter in motion. Imagine a person building a brick wall. The energy it takes to lift and place one brick on top of another is the kinetic energy—the energy matter possesses because of its motion. Once the wall is in place, it stores potential energy.
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Photoelectric Effect02:26

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When light of a particular wavelength strikes a metal surface, electrons are emitted. This is called the photoelectric effect. The minimum frequency of light that can cause such emission of electrons is called the threshold frequency, which is specific to the metal. Light with a frequency lower than the threshold frequency, even if it is of high intensity, cannot initiate the emission of electrons. However, when the frequency is higher than the threshold value, the number of electrons ejected...
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IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

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When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
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When infrared radiation is passed through a molecule, absorption occurs if the molecule's vibration leads to a substantial change in its bond dipole moment. Transitions between vibrational energy levels, typically corresponding to infrared frequencies (4000–400 cm−1), allow absorption if the vibration significantly alters the dipole moment, making the molecule infrared active. The molecular bonds have different stretching and bending vibrations, resulting in various peaks with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Whole Cell Patch Clamp for Investigating the Mechanisms of Infrared Neural Stimulation
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Corrigendum: Infrared light excites cells by changing their electrical capacitance.

Mikhail G Shapiro, Kazuaki Homma, Sebastian Villarreal

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    |November 11, 2017
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    Summary

    This study corrects a previously published article DOI. The correction ensures accurate citation and referencing for scientific research and data integrity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Scientific Publishing
    • Scholarly Communication

    Background:

    • Accurate citation is crucial for scientific integrity.
    • Maintaining a correct record of published research is essential for the scientific community.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a correction for a specific article DOI.
    • To ensure the accuracy of the scientific record.

    Main Methods:

    • Correction of the Digital Object Identifier (DOI).

    Main Results:

    • The article DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1742 has been corrected.
    • Ensured accurate referencing for the scientific publication.

    Conclusions:

    • The correction maintains the integrity of scholarly communication.
    • Accurate DOIs facilitate reliable access to scientific literature.