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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Signaling01:23

Overview of Cell Signaling

Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
Paracrine Signaling01:21

Paracrine Signaling

Paracrine signaling allows cells to communicate with their immediate neighbors via secretion of signaling molecules. Such a signal can only trigger a response in nearby target cells because the signal molecules degrade quickly or are inactivated if not taken up. Prominent examples of paracrine signaling include nitric oxide signaling in blood vessels, synaptic signaling of neurons, the blood clotting system, tissue repair/wound healing, and local allergic skin reactions. Nitric oxide as a...
Paracrine Signaling01:21

Paracrine Signaling

Paracrine signaling allows cells to communicate with their immediate neighbors via secretion of signaling molecules. Such a signal can only trigger a response in nearby target cells because the signal molecules degrade quickly or are inactivated if not taken up. Prominent examples of paracrine signaling include nitric oxide signaling in blood vessels, synaptic signaling of neurons, the blood clotting system, tissue repair/wound healing, and local allergic skin reactions. Nitric oxide as a...
What is Cell Signaling?02:03

What is Cell Signaling?

Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
Autocrine Signaling01:01

Autocrine Signaling

Autocrine signaling is one of the many signaling mechanisms that function inside multicellular organisms to carry out intercellular communication. In this type of signaling mechanism, the same cell that secretes an extracellular signaling molecule also expresses the receptors to bind and respond to that signaling molecule.
Autocrine Signaling in Macrophages
Under normal physiological conditions, autocrine signaling is essential for maintaining homeostasis. This process is well characterized in...
Autocrine Signaling01:01

Autocrine Signaling

Autocrine signaling is one of the many signaling mechanisms that function inside multicellular organisms to carry out intercellular communication. In this type of signaling mechanism, the same cell that secretes an extracellular signaling molecule also expresses the receptors to bind and respond to that signaling molecule.
Autocrine Signaling in Macrophages
Under normal physiological conditions, autocrine signaling is essential for maintaining homeostasis. This process is well characterized in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Modeling Paracrine Noncanonical Wnt Signaling In Vitro
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Modeling Paracrine Noncanonical Wnt Signaling In Vitro

Published on: December 10, 2021

In vivo spatial coordination with synthetic paracrine signaling.

Kaiwen Luo, Yitong Ma, Hongyi R Li

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |July 10, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    Scientists engineered a synthetic paracrine system using auxin to control cell responses. This programmable system enables precise spatial control of multicellular circuits for targeted therapeutic applications.

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    The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions

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    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

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    08:17

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    Area of Science:

    • Synthetic biology
    • Chemical biology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Paracrine signaling is crucial for spatially confined immune responses like inflammation.
    • Engineering multicellular circuits requires precise spatial organization of cell functions.
    • Bio-orthogonal synthetic paracrine systems offer a potential solution for controlled cellular coordination.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a programmable paracrine circuit using a bio-orthogonal chemical signal.
    • To engineer multicellular systems for spatially restricted responses in vivo.
    • To demonstrate the feasibility of a sentinel-effector system for localized therapeutic activation.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the plant hormone auxin as a bio-orthogonal chemical signal.
    • Engineered cells to express auxin biosynthetic genes for localized auxin production.
    • Designed a two-cell type system with sentinel cells (THP-1) and effector cells (Jurkat).
    • Implemented a tumor-specific antigen (EGFRvIII) for conditional auxin induction.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved tunable, localized auxin-dense regions in vivo.
    • Demonstrated conditional auxin production by sentinel cells in response to tumor antigens.
    • Showcased localized activation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) activity in effector cells.
    • Successfully implemented a multicellular sentinel-effector system for spatially restricted responses.

    Conclusions:

    • Established programmable paracrine circuits for engineering multicellular systems.
    • Provided a foundation for developing therapeutic systems with spatially focused responses.
    • Highlighted the potential of bio-orthogonal signaling for precise control in disease contexts.