Novel Silicon Doped Tin Oxide-Carbon Microspheres as Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries: The Multiple Effects...

Silicon doped tin oxide embedded porous carbon microspheres (Si_y Sn_1-y O_x @C) are synthesized. It is found that the doped Si not only improves the reversibility of lithiation/delithiation reactions, but also prevents Sn from aggregation. In addition, the doped Si introduces extra defects into the carbon matrix and produces Li⁺ conductive Li₄ SiO₄ , which accelerates Li⁺ diffusion. Together with the conductive, porous carbon matrix that provides void space to accommodate the volume change of Sn during charge/discharge cycling, the novel Si_y Sn_1-y O_x @C exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. It shows a high initial columbic efficiency of 75.9%. A charge (delithiation) capacity of 880.32 mA h g^-1 is retained after 150 cycles, i.e., 91% of the initial capacity. These results indicate that the as-synthesized Si_y Sn_1-y O_x @C is a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries.