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Related Concept Videos

Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
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Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
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Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Encoding-Stage Adaptation Effects: Long-Term Memory.

Candace E Peacock1, Filiz Gözenman2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adaptation during face encoding influences long-term memory (LTM). This study shows that adapting to faces alters memory recall, enhancing recognition and shifting subjective perception in LTM.

Keywords:
adaptationconstancyencodingface perceptionlong-term memoryretrieval

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Perception

Background:

  • Perceptual adaptation is known to alter immediate experience.
  • The influence of adaptation on long-term memory (LTM) encoding and retrieval remains less understood.
  • Facial characteristics like gender and age are salient features influencing social cognition and memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether adaptation during the encoding phase of long-term memory (LTM) influences subsequent memory retrieval.
  • To determine if adaptation to facial characteristics (gender and age) affects the subjective point of equality for those characteristics at LTM retrieval.
  • To examine the impact of encoding-stage adaptation on the accuracy and confidence of facial recognition in LTM.

Main Methods:

  • Four experiments were conducted involving adaptation to gendered (male, female) and aged (old, young) faces.
  • Participants underwent adaptation before encoding faces into LTM.
  • A subsequent LTM test involved morphed faces, requiring participants to judge changes relative to the encoding phase.

Main Results:

  • Encoding-stage adaptation significantly shifted the point of subjective equality in the unadapted direction for male, female, and young faces.
  • Adaptation during encoding led to enhanced recognition of faces during LTM retrieval.
  • The effects of adaptation were consistent across gender and age continua, suggesting a general mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Adaptation occurring during the encoding of facial information is demonstrably reflected in long-term memory (LTM).
  • Encoding-related adaptation influences not only perceptual judgments but also the fidelity of memory representations.
  • These findings highlight the dynamic interplay between immediate perceptual states and the formation and retrieval of lasting memories.