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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
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Exocytosis00:51

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Exocytosis is used to release material from cells. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
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Exocytosis00:50

Exocytosis

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Exocytosis is a process that releases molecules outside the cell. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
Exocytosis is the opposite of endocytosis, which brings molecules inside the cell. Sometimes, the released materials are signaling molecules. For example, neurons typically use exocytosis to release neurotransmitters. Cells also use exocytosis to insert proteins such as ion channels into their cell membranes, secrete proteins for use in the extracellular matrix, or...
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Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
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Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach01:25

Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach

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The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
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Lysosomes01:31

Lysosomes

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Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
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Bronchoalveolar Lavage Exosomes in Lipopolysaccharide-induced Septic Lung Injury
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Bronchoalveolar Lavage Exosomes in Lipopolysaccharide-induced Septic Lung Injury

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Exosome function in aerodigestive mucosa.

Sarina K Mueller1, Angela L Nocera2, Benjamin S Bleier2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.

Nanomedicine : Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine
|November 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores exosomes from aerodigestive membranes, highlighting their roles in immunity, disease biomarker discovery, and therapeutic applications. These tiny vesicles offer significant potential for diagnostics and treatments.

Keywords:
ExosomeIntercellular signaling peptides and proteinsMucociliary clearanceRespiratory mucosa

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Sample Preparation and Imaging of Exosomes by Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by cells, implicated in intercellular communication.
  • They are found in various human tissues, including in cancer research.
  • Mucosal barrier-derived exosomes are crucial for immune surveillance and non-invasive biomarker sampling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on exosomes derived from aerodigestive membranes.
  • To cover isolation, characterization, physiological function, and biomarker potential.
  • To explore therapeutic applications of these exosomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on aerodigestive membrane-derived exosomes.
  • Analysis of isolation and characterization techniques.
  • Examination of protein expression and functional roles.

Main Results:

  • Exosomes play roles in immune surveillance and can serve as biomarkers.
  • Aerodigestive membrane exosomes have specific protein expression profiles.
  • These exosomes show potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic delivery vehicles.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomes from aerodigestive membranes are significant for understanding mucosal immunity.
  • They hold promise for non-invasive disease diagnosis and targeted therapies.
  • Further research into their isolation, function, and application is warranted.