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Spatial and Sex-Dependent Responses of Adult Endogenous Neural Stem Cells to Alcohol Consumption
Erica L McGrath1, Junling Gao2, Yong-Fang Kuo3
1Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston 77555, USA; Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston 77555, USA; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston 77555, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore 21287, USA.
Abstract:
Chronic alcohol abuse results in alcohol-related neurodegeneration, and critical gaps in our knowledge hinder therapeutic development. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are a subpopulation of cells within the adult brain that contribute to brain maintenance and recovery. While it is known that alcohol alters NSCs, little is known about how NSC response to alcohol is related to sex, brain region, and stage of differentiation. Understanding these relationships will aid in therapeutic development. Here, we used an inducible transgenic mouse model to track the stages of differentiation of adult endogenous NSCs and observed distinct NSC behaviors in three brain regions (subventricular zone, subgranular zone, and tanycyte layer) after long-term alcohol consumption. Particularly, chronic alcohol consumption profoundly affected the survival of NSCs in the subventricular zone and altered NSC differentiation in all three regions. Significant differences between male and female mice were further discovered.
