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HLA class II polymorphism in Saudi patients with multiple sclerosis.

M Al Jumah1,2, S Kojan1, A M Al Shehri1

  • 1Department of Neurology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Summary

This study identified specific Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class II alleles associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) risk and outcomes in the Saudi population. Key findings include HLA-DRB1*15:01 and HLA-DQB1*06:02 links to increased MS risk and lower vitamin D levels.

Keywords:
HLA antigensSaudi populationgenetic polymorphismmultiple sclerosisvitamin D

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Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Neurology
  • Human Genetics

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease with known associations to Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genes.
  • Previous research has explored HLA associations with MS globally, but high-resolution HLA typing data from the Saudi population remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association of specific HLA class II alleles with MS in the Saudi population.
  • To explore the correlation between identified HLA alleles and clinical characteristics, including relapse history and vitamin D levels.

Main Methods:

  • Employed next-generation sequencing for high-resolution HLA typing.
  • Conducted the study at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  • Analyzed the association of HLA class II alleles (HLA-DRB1, DQB1) with MS and clinical parameters.

Main Results:

  • Identified significant associations between several HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 alleles and MS in Saudis.
  • HLA-DRB1*15:01 showed a strong association with increased MS risk (OR: 3.01) and a higher likelihood of previous relapses.
  • HLA-DQB1*02:01, HLA-DQB1*06:02, and HLA-DQB1*06:03 were also significantly associated with MS risk.
  • HLA-DRB1*15:01 and HLA-DQB1*06:02 were linked to lower vitamin D levels.

Conclusions:

  • This study establishes specific HLA class II allele associations with MS in the Saudi population.
  • The findings highlight HLA-DRB1*15:01 as a risk factor for MS and relapses, and link it with reduced vitamin D levels.
  • These genetic insights may inform personalized clinical management strategies for MS patients in Saudi Arabia based on their HLA profile.