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Gallbladder Dysfunction: Cholecystitis, Choledocholithiasis, Cholangitis, and Biliary Dyskinesia.

Thad Wilkins1, Edward Agabin2, Jason Varghese3

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, HB 4032, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.

Primary Care
|November 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gallstones affect 10-15% of adults, causing conditions like acute cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis. Management focuses on supportive care, cholecystectomy, and clearing bile duct stones to prevent serious complications.

Keywords:
Acute cholecystitisAscending cholangitisBiliary dyskinesiaCholedocholithiasisCholelithiasisFunctional gallbladder disorderSphincter of Oddi disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • Biliary System Pathophysiology
  • Surgical Management of Gallbladder and Bile Duct Diseases

Background:

  • Gallstones (cholelithiasis) affect 10-15% of the adult population.
  • Acute cholecystitis, characterized by right upper quadrant pain, fever, and leukocytosis, is a common complication.
  • Choledocholithiasis, the presence of stones in the common bile duct, occurs in 10-20% of patients and can lead to severe outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the clinical presentation and management strategies for gallstone-related diseases.
  • To emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis and intervention for conditions such as acute cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis.
  • To describe the treatment protocols for acute ascending cholangitis and biliary dyskinesia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical manifestations including pain, fever, and leukocytosis.
  • Description of diagnostic considerations for gallstone disease.
  • Outline of therapeutic approaches including supportive care, cholecystectomy, and common bile duct stone clearance.

Main Results:

  • Gallstone prevalence is significant in adults.
  • Acute cholecystitis requires supportive care and often cholecystectomy.
  • Choledocholithiasis necessitates common bile duct stone clearance to prevent cholangitis and pancreatitis.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of gallstones and their complications is crucial for patient outcomes.
  • Prompt treatment of acute cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis can prevent life-threatening conditions like cholangitis.
  • Biliary dyskinesia presents as biliary colic without gallstones, requiring management of motility disorders.